This report shows that the European Parliament’s inquiry into ‘Dieselgate’ has revealed problems with emission tests far beyond Volkswagen’s use of illegal defeat devices. It exposes a culture of looking the other way: the European Commission and Member States turned a blind-eye to industry-wide abuse of the system for emission regulation, and, in fact, even invited the car industry to shape the regulatory agenda and its enforcement. As a result, cities across the European Union are left choking, as toxic traffic fumes have led to an air pollution crisis.